SELECT * FROM (VALUES (1), (2)) a (Id)

SELECT *
	INTO [dbo].[NewTable]
FROM [dbo].[ExistingTable]

Select only particular columns into the new table or rename existing columns to new names:

SELECT [Col1], [Col2] AS [NewCol2Name]
	INTO [dbo].[NewTable]
FROM [dbo].[ExistingTable]

Limit and filter the number of rows in the new table using TOP and WHERE:

SELECT TOP(10) *
	INTO [dbo].[NewTable]
FROM [dbo].[ExistingTable]
WHERE [Col1] = 'Value'

Create a new IDENTITY column:

SELECT 
	IDENTITY(INT,1,1) AS [Id]
	INTO [dbo].[New_Table]
FROM [dbo].[Existing_Table]
GO

Copy table data to a new table in a different filegroup (SQL Server 2016 SP2 and higher):

SELECT *
	INTO [dbo].[NewTable] ON [DifferentFilegroup]
FROM [dbo].[ExistingTable]

SELECT 1 -- number
SELECT 'A' -- character
SELECT 1, 'A' -- multiple values

Select expression:

SELECT 1 + 1 
SELECT 'A' + 'A' 
SELECT LEFT('ABC', 1) + 'BC'

Use an asterisk to show all columns:

SELECT *
FROM sys.tables

Select specific columns:

SELECT [object_id], [name]
FROM sys.tables

Alias columns (with or without AS):

SELECT [object_id] [Id_Of_The_Table], [name] AS [Name_Of_The_Table]
FROM sys.tables